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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "X509_LOOKUP_HASH_DIR 3ossl"
.TH X509_LOOKUP_HASH_DIR 3ossl "2024-09-03" "3.1.7+quic" "OpenSSL"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "NAME"
X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir, X509_LOOKUP_file, X509_LOOKUP_store,
X509_load_cert_file_ex, X509_load_cert_file,
X509_load_crl_file,
X509_load_cert_crl_file_ex, X509_load_cert_crl_file
\&\- Default OpenSSL certificate lookup methods
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\& #include <openssl/x509_vfy.h>
\&
\& X509_LOOKUP_METHOD *X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir(void);
\& X509_LOOKUP_METHOD *X509_LOOKUP_file(void);
\& X509_LOOKUP_METHOD *X509_LOOKUP_store(void);
\&
\& int X509_load_cert_file_ex(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, const char *file, int type,
\&                            OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
\& int X509_load_cert_file(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, const char *file, int type);
\& int X509_load_crl_file(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, const char *file, int type);
\& int X509_load_cert_crl_file_ex(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, const char *file, int type,
\&                                OSSL_LIB_CTX *libctx, const char *propq);
\& int X509_load_cert_crl_file(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, const char *file, int type);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
\&\fBX509_LOOKUP_hash_dir\fR and \fBX509_LOOKUP_file\fR are two certificate
lookup methods to use with \fBX509_STORE\fR, provided by OpenSSL library.
.PP
Users of the library typically do not need to create instances of these
methods manually, they would be created automatically by
\&\fBX509_STORE_load_locations\fR\|(3) or
\&\fBSSL_CTX_load_verify_locations\fR\|(3)
functions.
.PP
Internally loading of certificates and CRLs is implemented via functions
\&\fBX509_load_cert_crl_file\fR, \fBX509_load_cert_file\fR and
\&\fBX509_load_crl_file\fR. These functions support parameter \fItype\fR, which
can be one of constants \fB\s-1FILETYPE_PEM\s0\fR, \fB\s-1FILETYPE_ASN1\s0\fR and
\&\fB\s-1FILETYPE_DEFAULT\s0\fR. They load certificates and/or CRLs from specified
file into memory cache of \fBX509_STORE\fR objects which given \fBctx\fR
parameter is associated with.
.PP
Functions \fBX509_load_cert_file\fR and
\&\fBX509_load_crl_file\fR can load both \s-1PEM\s0 and \s-1DER\s0 formats depending of
type value. Because \s-1DER\s0 format cannot contain more than one certificate
or \s-1CRL\s0 object (while \s-1PEM\s0 can contain several concatenated \s-1PEM\s0 objects)
\&\fBX509_load_cert_crl_file\fR with \fB\s-1FILETYPE_ASN1\s0\fR is equivalent to
\&\fBX509_load_cert_file\fR.
.PP
Constant \fB\s-1FILETYPE_DEFAULT\s0\fR with \s-1NULL\s0 filename causes these functions
to load default certificate store file (see
\&\fBX509_STORE_set_default_paths\fR\|(3).
.PP
Functions return number of objects loaded from file or 0 in case of
error.
.PP
Both methods support adding several certificate locations into one
\&\fBX509_STORE\fR.
.PP
This page documents certificate store formats used by these methods and
caching policy.
.SS "File Method"
.IX Subsection "File Method"
The \fBX509_LOOKUP_file\fR method loads all the certificates or CRLs
present in a file into memory at the time the file is added as a
lookup source.
.PP
File format is \s-1ASCII\s0 text which contains concatenated \s-1PEM\s0 certificates
and CRLs.
.PP
This method should be used by applications which work with a small
set of CAs.
.SS "Hashed Directory Method"
.IX Subsection "Hashed Directory Method"
\&\fBX509_LOOKUP_hash_dir\fR is a more advanced method, which loads
certificates and CRLs on demand, and caches them in memory once
they are loaded. As of OpenSSL 1.0.0, it also checks for newer CRLs
upon each lookup, so that newer CRLs are as soon as they appear in
the directory.
.PP
The directory should contain one certificate or \s-1CRL\s0 per file in \s-1PEM\s0 format,
with a filename of the form \fIhash\fR.\fIN\fR for a certificate, or
\&\fIhash\fR.\fBr\fR\fIN\fR for a \s-1CRL.\s0
The \fIhash\fR is the value returned by the \fBX509_NAME_hash_ex\fR\|(3) function
applied to the subject name for certificates or issuer name for CRLs.
The hash can also be obtained via the \fB\-hash\fR option of the
\&\fBopenssl\-x509\fR\|(1) or \fBopenssl\-crl\fR\|(1) commands.
.PP
The .\fIN\fR or .\fBr\fR\fIN\fR suffix is a sequence number that starts at zero, and is
incremented consecutively for each certificate or \s-1CRL\s0 with the same \fIhash\fR
value.
Gaps in the sequence numbers are not supported, it is assumed that there are no
more objects with the same hash beyond the first missing number in the
sequence.
.PP
Sequence numbers make it possible for the directory to contain multiple
certificates with same subject name hash value.
For example, it is possible to have in the store several certificates with same
subject or several CRLs with same issuer (and, for example, different validity
period).
.PP
When checking for new CRLs once one \s-1CRL\s0 for given hash value is
loaded, hash_dir lookup method checks only for certificates with
sequence number greater than that of the already cached \s-1CRL.\s0
.PP
Note that the hash algorithm used for subject name hashing changed in OpenSSL
1.0.0, and all certificate stores have to be rehashed when moving from OpenSSL
0.9.8 to 1.0.0.
.PP
OpenSSL includes a \fBopenssl\-rehash\fR\|(1) utility which creates symlinks with
hashed names for all files with \fI.pem\fR suffix in a given directory.
.SS "\s-1OSSL_STORE\s0 Method"
.IX Subsection "OSSL_STORE Method"
\&\fBX509_LOOKUP_store\fR is a method that allows access to any store of
certificates and CRLs through any loader supported by
\&\fBossl_store\fR\|(7).
It works with the help of URIs, which can be direct references to
certificates or CRLs, but can also be references to catalogues of such
objects (that behave like directories).
.PP
This method overlaps the \*(L"File Method\*(R" and \*(L"Hashed Directory Method\*(R"
because of the 'file:' scheme loader.
It does no caching of its own, but can use a caching \fBossl_store\fR\|(7)
loader, and therefore depends on the loader's capability.
.SH "RETURN VALUES"
.IX Header "RETURN VALUES"
\&\fBX509_LOOKUP_hash_dir()\fR, \fBX509_LOOKUP_file()\fR and \fBX509_LOOKUP_store()\fR
always return a valid \fBX509_LOOKUP_METHOD\fR structure.
.PP
\&\fBX509_load_cert_file()\fR, \fBX509_load_crl_file()\fR and \fBX509_load_cert_crl_file()\fR return
the number of loaded objects or 0 on error.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBPEM_read_PrivateKey\fR\|(3),
\&\fBX509_STORE_load_locations\fR\|(3),
\&\fBSSL_CTX_load_verify_locations\fR\|(3),
\&\fBX509_LOOKUP_meth_new\fR\|(3),
\&\fBossl_store\fR\|(7)
.SH "HISTORY"
.IX Header "HISTORY"
The functions \fBX509_load_cert_file_ex()\fR,
\&\fBX509_load_cert_crl_file_ex()\fR and \fBX509_LOOKUP_store()\fR were added in
OpenSSL 3.0.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2015\-2021 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R").  You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.